An acquisition in trading and finance refers to one company purchasing another by buying a majority or all of its shares or assets. In trading, acquisitions can move stock prices, create volatility, and affect investor sentiment.

ADRs allow US investors to trade shares of non-US companies on American exchanges without using foreign markets. ADRs increase access to international investments while remaining under US regulations.

Trading alerts notify traders when specific conditions are met, like price levels or economic data releases. Alerts help manage risk and take action quickly in volatile markets.

Alpha measures how much a portfolio or asset outperforms a market benchmark, showing a trader’s ability to “beat the market.” A positive alpha indicates excess returns; a negative alpha signals underperformance.

Amortisation spreads the repayment of a loan or the cost of an intangible asset over a fixed period. In trading, it’s often used in derivatives pricing and company valuation.

An AGM is a yearly meeting where a company’s shareholders review financial statements, elect directors, and discuss strategy. Traders watch AGMs for key market-moving announcements.

Arbitrage is a trading strategy that profits from price differences between markets by buying low in one and selling high in another. Common in forex and commodities.

The “ask” is the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for an asset. In trading, it pairs with the “bid” to form the bid-ask spread, a key cost metric.

Asset classes group financial instruments with similar characteristics, such as equities, bonds, commodities, or forex. Diversifying across asset classes reduces risk.

An option is “at the money” when its strike price equals the current market price. ATM options have no intrinsic value but retain time value.

An auction in financial markets is a process where assets are sold to the highest bidder, common in bonds and IPOs. Auctions help determine fair market value.

Automated trading uses algorithms to execute trades without manual input. It enables high-speed execution, backtesting, and strategy automation.

Averaging down is a strategy where traders buy more of a declining asset to reduce the average purchase price. It can increase risk if the trend continues down.

The base currency in a forex pair is the first currency listed, representing the unit being bought or sold. For example, in EUR/USD, EUR is the base.

A base rate is the interest rate set by a central bank, influencing lending rates and monetary policy. Traders monitor base rates for market impact.

A basis point (bps) equals 0.01% and is used to measure changes in interest rates or yields. In trading, small bps changes can have large impacts.

A bear is a trader who expects prices to fall. Bear markets are prolonged downtrends; “bearish” sentiment drives selling pressure.

A bear market occurs when asset prices fall 20%+ over a sustained period. It reflects pessimism and economic slowdown.

“Bearish” describes a market sentiment expecting falling prices. Used in stocks, forex, and commodities.

Beta measures an asset’s volatility relative to the overall market. A beta >1 is more volatile; <1 is less volatile.

The “bid” is the highest price a buyer is willing to pay for an asset. The bid works with the “ask” to form the spread.

Blue chip stocks are shares of large, financially stable companies with a history of reliable performance. Favoured for long-term investing.

Bollinger Bands are a technical indicator that measures volatility using a moving average and upper/lower bands. Prices near the bands may signal overbought or oversold conditions.

Bond trading involves buying and selling debt securities to earn interest income or capital gains. Bonds are less volatile than stocks.

Bonds are fixed-income securities where investors lend money to governments or corporations in exchange for interest.

Book value is a company’s net asset value as recorded on the balance sheet. Traders compare book value to market value to spot undervalued stocks.

The bottom line is a company’s net income after all expenses, shown on the P&L statement.

Brent crude is a major benchmark for global oil pricing, traded internationally and influencing energy markets.

A broker is a licensed individual or firm that executes trades on behalf of clients in financial markets.

A bull is a trader expecting rising prices. Bull markets are sustained uptrends driven by optimism and strong demand.

A bull market is a prolonged period of rising asset prices, signalling economic growth and investor confidence.

Buy refers to opening a long position expecting price appreciation. The opposite of selling or shorting.

Cable is the nickname for the GBP/USD forex pair, one of the most traded and liquid pairs. The term comes from 19th-century transatlantic cables used to transmit rates between London and New York.

CAD is the currency code for the Canadian dollar, a major “commodity currency” influenced by oil and natural resources. Managed by the Bank of Canada, it’s traded in pairs like USD/CAD and GBP/CAD.

A call option is a contract giving the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to purchase an asset at a set price before expiry. It gains value when the underlying asset rises.

A candlestick chart shows an asset’s open, high, low, and close in a single bar, used widely for technical analysis. Green/white candles = bullish, red/black = bearish.

Capitulation occurs when traders exit en masse during a market crash, often signalling a potential bottom and trend reversal.

A carry trade involves borrowing in a low-interest currency to invest in a high-yielding one, profiting from interest rate differentials.

The cash market (spot market) is where assets are bought/sold for immediate delivery, unlike futures markets.

A central bank manages a nation’s monetary policy, interest rates, and currency supply, e.g., Federal Reserve, ECB.

A chargeable gain is profit from selling an asset above its purchase price, often subject to capital gains tax.

A chartist analyses price charts and technical indicators to predict market movements and trading opportunities.

A choppy market shows erratic price swings without a clear trend, often requiring range-bound strategies.

Circuit breaker halts are automatic pauses in trading when prices move sharply, preventing panic and ensuring stability.

Clearing is the process of reconciling and settling trades between buyers and sellers to reduce counterparty risk.

A clearing house guarantees and settles trades between parties, reducing default risk in markets.

A closed position is a completed trade where the trader exits the market, locking in profit or loss.

Closing price is the last traded price of an asset at market close, used as a key reference point.

Collateral is an asset pledged to secure a loan or margin position, e.g., cash, stocks, bonds.

Commission is a broker’s fee for executing trades, either fixed or percentage-based, sometimes built into spreads.

Commodities are raw materials traded globally, divided into hard (oil, metals) and soft (agriculture).

Components are the base currency pairs forming a cross-pair, e.g., EUR/JPY = EUR/USD + USD/JPY.

COMPX is the NASDAQ Composite Index ticker, tracking over 3,000 tech and growth stocks.

A consolidating market trades within a range without clear trend, often preceding breakouts.

Construction spending measures total investment in building projects, a key economic growth indicator.

Contagion is the spread of financial instability between markets or economies, often during crises.

Contract size is the standard amount of an asset per contract in forex, futures, or options.

CFDs let traders speculate on asset prices without owning them, using leverage and paying/earning the price difference.

Controlled risk strategies limit max loss, often via guaranteed stop-loss orders.

Convexity measures how bond prices react to interest rate changes, key in fixed-income trading.

Corporates are large firms trading for hedging or investment, not speculation.

Cost of carry includes fees and interest for holding leveraged positions over time.

Counter currency is the second currency in a pair, e.g., in EUR/USD, USD is the counter.

A counterparty is the other party in a financial transaction, crucial in OTC markets.

Country risk measures potential losses due to political or economic instability in a nation.

A covered call combines holding an asset with selling a call option to generate income while capping upside.

CPI measures inflation by tracking changes in consumer goods and services prices.

Crown currencies are Commonwealth currencies like GBP, AUD, NZD, CAD, often tied to commodity trends.

Crystallisation is the realisation of gains or losses upon selling an asset.

Currency appreciation is when a currency rises in value versus another, driven by demand, rates, or growth.

Currency depreciation is the decline of a currency versus another, often due to weaker economy or policy.

Currency futures are exchange-traded contracts to buy/sell currencies at a set price on a future date.

A currency peg fixes a nation’s exchange rate to another currency to stabilize trade and reduce volatility.

Dark pools are private trading venues where large orders are executed anonymously to avoid impacting market prices. They’re used by institutions for block trades.

A day order is a trade instruction that expires at the end of the trading day if not filled. Common in intraday trading strategies.

Day trading involves opening and closing positions within the same day to profit from short-term price movements. Requires discipline and fast execution.

Debt instruments are financial assets that represent borrowed funds, such as bonds, loans, or notes. Investors earn interest as repayment.

Derivatives are financial contracts whose value is derived from underlying assets such as stocks, commodities, or currencies. Used for hedging and speculation.

Diversification is a risk management strategy of spreading investments across multiple assets to reduce exposure to any single risk.

A dividend is a payment made by a company to its shareholders, typically from profits. Regular dividends attract long-term investors.

DCA is an investment strategy where fixed amounts are invested at regular intervals regardless of market price, reducing volatility impact over time.

The DJIA tracks 30 major US companies and is a benchmark for US stock market performance. Traders watch it for sentiment and trend signals.

A drawdown is the decline from a portfolio’s peak to its lowest point before a recovery. It measures risk and capital exposure.

DXY measures the US dollar against a basket of major currencies. Used to gauge USD strength in forex and macro trading.

The ECB is the central bank for the Eurozone, responsible for monetary policy and euro stability. Decisions impact forex markets globally.

ETFs are investment funds that track an index or sector and are traded like stocks. They offer diversification and liquidity.

The ex-dividend date is the cutoff date to be eligible for a company’s next dividend payout. Prices often adjust after this date.

The exchange rate is the value of one currency relative to another. It’s a key factor in forex trading and international trade.

Exposure measures how much capital is at risk in a particular asset or portfolio. Managing exposure is key to risk management.

F&O refers to derivatives trading through futures and options contracts, used for hedging or speculation in multiple asset classes.

The FCA regulates the UK financial markets, ensuring transparency, consumer protection, and fair practices.

The Fed is the US central bank, managing monetary policy, interest rates, and financial stability. Its decisions influence global markets.

Fiat currency is government-issued money not backed by a physical commodity. Its value depends on trust and economic stability.

Fibonacci retracement is a technical analysis tool using Fibonacci levels to identify support/resistance and price reversal points.

A fill occurs when a trade order is executed, fully or partially. Fills confirm that a position is live in the market.

A Fill or Kill order executes immediately in full or cancels entirely. Used for precise, time-sensitive trades.

Filled at market refers to executing an order immediately at the current best price. Prioritises speed over price precision.

A financial analyst evaluates markets, data, and performance to provide investment insights and recommendations.

A financial contract is a legally binding agreement outlining terms of a financial transaction, common in derivatives and lending.

A financial instrument is any tradable contract, including stocks, bonds, derivatives, and forex.

Financial liabilities are obligations to deliver money or assets, including loans and bonds.

Financial markets are platforms for buying/selling assets like stocks, forex, or bonds, facilitating capital flow in the economy.

FIFO is an accounting method where the first assets bought are the first sold, affecting tax and P&L calculations.

A flat market is when an asset’s price shows little movement, staying in a narrow range. Often signals low volatility or indecision.

Float is the number of a company’s shares available for public trading, excluding restricted shares. Affects liquidity and volatility.

A floating exchange rate is determined by market supply and demand, unlike fixed or pegged rates set by central banks.

Forex is the global market for currency trading, operating 24/5 with $6T+ daily volume.

A forward contract is a customised agreement to buy or sell an asset at a set price in the future, often used for hedging.

The FTSE 100 is the index of the UK’s 100 largest companies by market cap, traded on the London Stock Exchange.

A futures contract is a standardised exchange-traded agreement to buy/sell an asset at a fixed price on a future date.

The G7 is an organisation of seven advanced economies that coordinate on economic policy, trade, and financial stability.

The G8 included Russia alongside G7 members until 2014, focusing on global economic issues.

Gapping occurs when an asset’s price jumps between levels, leaving a gap on the chart. Common after major news or market open.

The gearing ratio measures a company’s leverage by comparing debt to equity. Higher gearing increases risk and potential returns.

The DAX 30 tracks 30 top German companies on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange. It’s a key European market indicator.

GMT is the global reference time used in trading to coordinate sessions and economic releases.

Gold bullion refers to high-purity physical gold in bars or coins, often used as a safe-haven investment.

A gold certificate represents ownership of gold without physically holding it, issued by banks or financial institutions.

A GTC order remains active until it’s executed or cancelled manually. Useful for longer-term strategies.

A GTD order stays active until a specified date unless filled or cancelled. Useful for event-driven trades.

A GFD order stays active until the market closes on the same day. Unfilled orders are cancelled automatically.

Greenback is slang for the US Dollar (USD), referencing its green-coloured banknotes.

A grey market allows trading of shares before a company’s IPO, giving early valuation signals.

GDP measures the total value of goods and services produced in a country, a key economic indicator.

GNP measures goods and services produced by a country’s residents, including abroad income.

A guaranteed stop-loss order ensures exit at a set price regardless of volatility or gaps.

A Hammer is a candlestick pattern signalling a bullish reversal at the bottom of a downtrend.

Hawks favour tight monetary policy to control inflation, while doves favour loose policy to spur growth.

A hedge is a strategy to reduce risk by offsetting exposure, often using derivatives.

Heikin Ashi is a candlestick technique that smooths price action to highlight trends.

Helicopter money is a monetary policy where central banks distribute money directly to the public to boost spending.

The HK50 tracks 50 top companies on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, reflecting Hong Kong’s economy.

IBOR is the average rate at which major banks lend to each other short-term.

An illiquid market has few buyers and sellers, making trades harder and more costly.

In the money refers to options with intrinsic value, meaning they can be exercised profitably.

An index tracks the performance of a basket of assets, often used as a market benchmark.

Indices trading involves speculating on price movements of stock market indices like S&P 500 or FTSE 100.

Inflation is the general rise in prices over time, reducing money’s purchasing power.

The initial margin is the minimum deposit required to open a leveraged trade.

Interbank rates are the interest rates banks charge each other for short-term loans.

Interest rates are the cost of borrowing money and a key driver in forex and economic cycles.

Intrinsic value is the perceived true value of an asset based on fundamentals, not market price.

INX is the ticker for the S&P 500, a benchmark index tracking 500 top US companies.

An IPO is when a private company lists its shares publicly for the first time to raise capital.

The JPN225, also known as the Nikkei 225, tracks the top 225 companies on the Tokyo Stock Exchange. It’s a key Asian market indicator.

“Kiwi” is the forex market nickname for the New Zealand Dollar (NZD), derived from the kiwi bird on the $1 coin.

A level in trading refers to a significant price point on a chart that acts as support or resistance.

Leverage allows traders to control larger positions with smaller capital, amplifying both profits and risks.

Leveraged products, like CFDs and options, enable amplified exposure with lower initial investment, increasing risk and reward.

A liability is a financial obligation a trader or company owes, such as loans or debts.

LIBOR was a global benchmark interest rate used to set borrowing costs, now replaced by SOFR and other rates.

A limit order executes a trade at a specified price or better, providing precise control over entry and exit levels.

Liquidation refers to closing a trading position or selling company assets to settle debts.

Liquidity measures how easily an asset can be bought or sold without impacting its price. High liquidity equals faster execution and tighter spreads.

The London Session runs from 7:30 AM to 3:30 PM GMT, overlapping with New York and creating high forex volatility.

A long position means buying an asset expecting its price to rise. Profit is made on upward movements.

“Loonie” is the forex nickname for the Canadian Dollar (CAD), named after the loon bird on the $1 coin.

A lot is a standardized unit of an asset in trading. In forex, a standard lot equals 100,000 units of the base currency.

M2 measures the money supply, including M1 plus savings accounts, money market funds, and small time deposits. It’s used to gauge inflation and economic growth trends.

MACD is a popular technical indicator measuring momentum and trend direction using two exponential moving averages (EMAs).

A macro trader focuses on large-scale economic trends like GDP, inflation, and interest rates to trade currencies, commodities, and indices.

Maintenance margin is the minimum equity a trader must keep in a margin account to avoid a margin call.

Margin is the capital required to open a leveraged trade. It acts as collateral, allowing traders to control larger positions.

A margin call occurs when equity falls below required levels, prompting the broker to demand more funds or close positions.

Market capitalisation (market cap) is the total value of a company’s outstanding shares. It’s used to assess size and valuation.

A market maker provides liquidity by actively buying and selling assets, ensuring smooth and efficient trading.

A market order executes immediately at the best available price, prioritising speed over price precision.

Market value is the current price of an asset based on supply and demand, often compared to book value.

Momentum trading focuses on capturing strong price trends by buying rising assets and selling falling ones.

A moving average smooths price data to reveal trends over a set time frame. Common types are SMA and EMA.

Net change is the difference between an asset’s current closing price and its previous closing price.

Net position is the sum of all open trades, showing whether a trader is net long or net short.

The New York session runs 8 AM–5 PM EST and overlaps with London, creating high forex liquidity and volatility.

NFP measures US job creation (excluding farm and some sectors). It’s a major market-moving economic indicator.

An off-book trade happens outside a regulated exchange, typically via the OTC market, offering privacy but with less oversight.

An offer is the price a trader is willing to buy an asset at, opposite of a bid. Offers and bids create the market’s order flow.

On-exchange trading occurs through regulated marketplaces, ensuring transparency and liquidity.

OBV is a technical indicator that uses volume to predict price direction, assuming volume precedes price movement.

An OCO order links two trades; execution of one automatically cancels the other, useful for uncertain market direction.

A one-touch option pays out if the asset hits a set price at least once before expiry, often used in binary options trading.

OPEC is a group of oil-producing countries coordinating supply to influence global oil prices and market stability.

An open order is a pending trade awaiting execution until market conditions are met or it’s canceled.

Open positions are active trades not yet closed, representing current market exposure.

An option is a contract giving the right, not obligation, to buy/sell an asset at a set price before expiry.

An order is a trader’s instruction to buy or sell an asset. Types include market, limit, and stop orders.

OTC trading happens outside formal exchanges with direct negotiation, common for non-listed assets and derivatives.

Overexposure is when too much capital is risked on a single trade or asset, increasing potential losses.

The P/E ratio compares a company’s stock price to its earnings per share (EPS) to assess valuation.

A parent company owns controlling stakes in subsidiaries, allowing strategic oversight and consolidation.

A partial fill is when only part of a trade order is executed due to limited liquidity at the requested price.

A pip is the smallest unit of price movement in forex, usually 0.0001 for most currency pairs.

Pip value calculates the monetary worth of a pip move based on lot size, pair, and account currency.

POA authorises a third party to trade or manage accounts on another person’s behalf.

A price level is a significant point on a chart influenced by supply/demand, often acting as support or resistance.

Profit is the financial gain after costs from a trade or investment. Types include gross, operating, and net profit.

A P&L statement shows revenue, expenses, and net results over time, crucial for financial analysis.

A pullback is a temporary dip in price within an overall uptrend, often used to identify buying opportunities.

A put option gives the right to sell an asset at a set price before expiry, useful for hedging or bearish strategies.

QE is a central bank policy where long-term securities are bought to increase money supply, lower interest rates, and stimulate the economy.

A quote shows the current bid and ask prices for an asset, forming the basis for trade execution.

A rally is a sustained price increase in an asset, often following a period of decline or consolidation.

This theory suggests stock prices move randomly, making them unpredictable based on past data.

Range is the difference between an asset’s highest and lowest price over a set period, used to gauge volatility.

In forex, the rate is the value of one currency versus another, e.g., EUR/USD 1.2000 = 1 Euro = 1.20 USD.

ROR measures the percentage gain or loss on an investment relative to its initial cost.

The RBNZ is New Zealand’s central bank, controlling monetary policy, interest rates, and financial stability.

Realised P&L is the actual profit or loss locked in when a position is closed.

RSI is a momentum indicator measuring overbought/oversold conditions on a 0–100 scale, with 70+ = overbought, 30– = oversold.

A resistance level is a chart point where selling pressure typically prevents further price increases.

A retail investor is an individual trading for personal accounts, not on behalf of institutions.

A rights issue lets existing shareholders buy additional shares at a discount before they’re offered to the public.

Risk is the potential for loss due to adverse market moves, volatility, or leverage exposure.

The RNS is the London Stock Exchange service that distributes official company announcements and regulatory filings.

ROCE measures how efficiently a company uses capital to generate profits, calculated as EBIT / (Assets – Current Liabilities).

Rollover is extending a position beyond expiry or settlement, common in forex, futures, and options.

Scalping is a high-frequency trading strategy that captures small price movements by opening and closing positions rapidly.

The SEC is the U.S. regulatory body that oversees financial markets, enforcing securities laws to protect investors and maintain fair trading.

A sector groups companies based on industry or economic activity, such as tech, finance, or energy.

To sell in trading is to open a position expecting the asset’s price to decline, commonly used in short selling strategies.

Settlement is the process of finalising a trade, where assets and funds are exchanged. It can be cash or physical settlement.

A share buyback is when a company repurchases its own shares to reduce float and boost value per share.

Share price is the current market value of one share in a publicly traded company.

Shares represent ownership in a company, entitling holders to profits and voting rights.

Shares trading is buying and selling stocks to profit from price changes or dividends.

SHGA.X is the ticker for the Shanghai A Index, which tracks A-shares on the Shanghai Stock Exchange.

A short position is selling an asset you don’t own to profit from a price drop.

Short covering is buying back a borrowed asset to close a short position and lock in profits or limit losses.

Short selling involves borrowing and selling an asset to profit from a price decline.

A short squeeze occurs when rising prices force short sellers to cover positions, driving the price even higher.

Slippage is when a trade executes at a different price than expected due to volatility or low liquidity.

An SOR is an automated system that routes orders to multiple venues for the best price execution.

The SNB is Switzerland’s central bank, responsible for monetary policy and issuing the Swiss franc.

SRI is investing with a focus on ethical, social, or environmental impact alongside returns.

The spot price is the current market price for immediate delivery and settlement.

The spread is the difference between an asset’s bid and ask price, a key trading cost.

SPX500 is the S&P 500 Index, tracking 500 major US companies.

Sterling is another name for the British pound (GBP), the UK’s currency.

Stock analysis evaluates stocks using technical and fundamental methods to predict price movements.

A stock exchange is a marketplace for buying and selling publicly traded shares.

A stock index tracks selected stocks to represent market or sector performance.

A stock split increases share count while lowering price per share to make stock more accessible.

A stock symbol is a unique code used to identify a publicly traded company’s shares.

Stockbroking is the service of buying and selling stocks for investors through licensed brokers.

A stop order triggers a trade when an asset hits a specific price to limit losses or secure gains.

Stop-loss hunting is a tactic where large players push price levels to trigger clusters of stop-losses.

A straddle is an options strategy that profits from volatility by holding both a call and put with the same strike and expiry.

The strike price is the fixed price at which an option can be exercised.

Support is a price level where buying interest historically prevents further declines.

Support levels are specific chart points where demand consistently prevents further price drops.

Suspended trading is when a security is temporarily halted due to news, volatility, or regulation.

A swap is a contract where two parties exchange cash flows or currencies; in forex, it refers to overnight interest differentials.

Swissie is the trader nickname for the Swiss franc (CHF).

A T/P order automatically closes a trade when it hits a set profit level, locking in gains.

A takeover occurs when one company acquires control of another by buying a majority stake.

Technical analysis predicts price movement by studying historical charts, trends, and indicators.

The Tokyo session is the Asian forex trading window, active for JPY and Asian market pairs.

Tom-next is a forex swap rolling positions over “tomorrow” and “next day” to manage short-term liquidity.

A trade confirmation verifies a completed trade with details like price, date, and quantity.

Trade size is the quantity of an asset traded in one order, impacting risk and exposure.

A trading halt is a temporary stop on trading a security, often due to news or volatility.

A trailing step adjusts a trailing stop-loss incrementally as the market moves in your favor.

A trailing stop is a dynamic stop-loss that locks in profit as the asset moves favorably.

The UK PPI measures changes in the cost of goods purchased and sold by UK manufacturers, serving as a leading inflation indicator.

UK100 tracks the 100 largest companies on the London Stock Exchange by market cap, also known as the FTSE 100.

Unborrowable stock refers to shares unavailable for short selling due to lack of supply or lender restrictions.

The underlying is the actual asset or market that a derivative derives its value from, such as stocks, indices, or commodities.

The unemployment rate measures the percentage of the labor force actively seeking but unable to find work, a key economic indicator.

Unrealized gains or losses are paper profits or losses on open positions that become realized only when the trade is closed.

An uptick occurs when an asset’s latest trade price is higher than the previous price, signalling buying pressure.

The uptick rule restricts short selling unless the last trade price was higher, designed to prevent excessive price drops.

US Oil refers to West Texas Intermediate (WTI) Crude, the benchmark for North American oil prices.

The US prime rate is the short-term interest rate banks charge their most creditworthy customers, serving as a benchmark for loans.

VaR is a risk measure estimating the maximum potential loss of a portfolio over a set time with a defined confidence level.

The value date is the settlement date when funds or assets are exchanged in a financial transaction, especially in forex.

Variable costs are business expenses that change in proportion to production output, affecting profitability.

The VIX measures expected volatility in the S&P 500 over the next 30 days, often called the “fear gauge.”

Volatility measures how much and how quickly asset prices move, signalling risk and trading opportunities.

Volume is the total quantity of an asset traded over a set time, indicating market activity and liquidity.

VWAP calculates the average asset price weighted by trading volume, used to assess execution quality.

A wedge pattern shows converging trendlines signalling a potential breakout; ascending wedges often bearish, descending often bullish.

WTI is a light, sweet crude oil benchmark from the US, used for global oil pricing alongside Brent and Dubai crude.

A working order is a pending limit or stop order awaiting market conditions for execution.

XAG/USD shows the silver-to-US dollar exchange rate, indicating the value of one ounce of silver in USD.

XAU/USD is the gold-to-US dollar exchange rate, showing the price of one ounce of gold in USD.

Yard is trader slang for one billion units of currency.

Yield is the return on an investment expressed as a percentage of its cost or market value, often from interest or dividends.

The yuan is the base unit of China’s currency, the renminbi (CNY), and is key in global forex trading.

ZAR is the currency code for the South African rand, named after the “Witwatersrand” gold region.